The Six Dimensions of the Human Self

Key Texts: Mark 12:30; 1 Thessalonians 5:23; Romans 12:1-2


ENVISION (5 minutes)

Goal: Help participants feel the complexity of their own inner life before we map it.

Open with an experience everyone recognizes:

"Have you ever had a moment where part of you wanted one thing and another part wanted something else entirely?

You know you should forgive, but something in you won't let go of the anger. You believe God loves you, but you don't feel loved. You decide to be patient with your kids, and then your body tenses up the moment they start whining. You intend to be present with your spouse, but your mind keeps drifting to work. You commit to a new habit on Sunday, and by Wednesday it's like the decision never happened.

We talk about ourselves as if we're a single, unified thing—'I decided,' 'I believe,' 'I want.' But our actual experience is messier than that. We're not simple. We're composites. Different parts of us pull in different directions."

Then read the anchor text:

"And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength." (Mark 12:30)

"When Jesus summarizes the entire law, He doesn't just say 'love God.' He says love God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength. Four different dimensions, each needing to be engaged. Jesus knows we're complex. Transformation isn't a single switch we flip—it's the renovation of an entire system."


EXPLORE & ENGAGE (35-45 minutes)

Goal: Introduce Willard's six dimensions as a map for understanding the self and help participants begin identifying which dimensions need the most attention in their own formation.

Part 1: Why We Need a Map (5-6 minutes)

"Last week we established that spiritual formation happens in the heart—the center of the self. But now we need to get more specific. What exactly are we made of? What are the parts that need renovation?

This matters practically. If you don't understand what you're working with, you'll aim at the wrong things. Most approaches to spiritual growth focus on one or two dimensions and ignore the rest:

  • Some focus almost entirely on thinking—learn the right doctrine, get your theology straight, and transformation will follow. But you can have impeccable theology and a miserable inner life.
  • Some focus on behavior—do the right things, build the right habits, and the heart will catch up. But as we saw last week, behavior modification without heart change doesn't last.
  • Some focus on feelings—pursue emotional experiences of God's presence, and that's what matters most. But feelings come and go, and a faith built only on emotional experience collapses when the feelings fade.
  • Some focus on knowledge or community or the body to the exclusion of everything else.

The problem isn't that any of these are wrong. The problem is that they're incomplete. We're not just minds, or wills, or bodies, or social beings. We're all of these, woven together. And transformation has to reach all of them.

Discussion (5 minutes)

  1. On complexity: Does thinking of yourself as having multiple dimensions resonate with your experience? Where have you felt the conflict between different parts of yourself—thinking one thing but feeling another, or deciding something but having your body resist?
  2. On imbalanced focus: Which dimension has your spiritual life focused on most? Thinking/doctrine? Behavior/habits? Feelings/experience? Community? Which dimensions have you largely ignored?

Facilitator Notes

  • For question 2, be ready with examples. Churches of Christ have often emphasized right doctrine (mind) and right practice (behavior), sometimes at the expense of emotional health, bodily formation, or soul-level rest.

Part 2: The Six Dimensions (12-15 minutes)

"Willard identifies six dimensions of the human self. These aren't separate compartments—they overlap and influence each other constantly. But distinguishing them helps us understand where renovation is needed and how it happens.

1. Thought (Mind)

This is the realm of ideas, images, beliefs, and assumptions. It's what occupies your attention. It's the running commentary in your head. It's the framework through which you interpret everything that happens to you.

Your thoughts include your theology—what you believe about God—but also a thousand smaller ideas: what you assume about yourself, what you think you deserve, what you believe is possible, what you take for granted about how the world works.

Paul says, 'Be transformed by the renewal of your mind' (Romans 12:2). Transformation requires new thinking—not just new information, but a renovated way of seeing.

2. Feeling (Emotion)

This is the realm of emotion, desire, and sensation. Feelings are how we experience the significance of things. They move us toward or away from objects and situations.

Feelings are not optional, and they're not the enemy. The fruit of the Spirit includes love, joy, and peace—these are feelings. The Psalms are saturated with emotion. Jesus wept, felt compassion, experienced anguish. The goal isn't to eliminate feelings but to have them renovated—ordered toward the right objects in the right proportions.

The problem is when feelings rule. When I do whatever I feel like doing, or when I can't act until I feel like it, feelings have taken over the executive function they were never meant to have.

3. Will (Heart/Spirit)

This is the capacity to choose, to initiate, to direct your own life. The will is the executive center—it's supposed to be in charge. When we talk about the heart in Scripture, this is often what's meant: the core of the person that decides and commits.

A healthy will is unified—single-minded, as James would say. A disordered will is divided, conflicted, constantly negotiating between competing desires. 'I do not do what I want, but I do the very thing I hate,' Paul says in Romans 7:15—the experience of a will that hasn't been fully surrendered and integrated.

Transformation of the will means learning to will what God wills—not through gritted teeth but through genuine alignment.

4. Body

This is your physical presence in the world. It includes your brain and nervous system, your habits and automatic responses, your physical location and capacities.

We often treat the body as spiritually irrelevant—just a container for the soul. But Scripture doesn't. Paul says, 'Present your bodies as a living sacrifice' (Romans 12:1). The body is where spiritual life is lived. It's where habits get grooved. It's what carries you into situations and away from them.

The body has its own kind of memory and momentum. You can decide to be calm, but your body might already be flooded with adrenaline. You can intend to avoid a temptation, but your body has been trained to seek it—formation has to include the body, or the body will undermine everything else.

5. Social Context

This is the realm of relationships, roles, and community. We are not isolated selves—we exist in a web of connections that shape us and that we shape.

Your social context includes your family, your friendships, your church, your workplace, and even broader cultural belonging. It includes the roles you play: spouse, parent, employee, leader, neighbor. It includes the relational wounds you carry and the patterns of relating you've learned.

Much of spiritual formation happens in and through relationships. We learn Christ's love by receiving it from others. We practice forgiveness in the mess of actual conflict. Our character is revealed and refined in community. You can't be formed in isolation.

6. Soul

The soul is the deepest dimension—the integrating center that holds everything else together. It's the you that persists beneath all the changing thoughts, feelings, choices, and relationships.

When the soul is healthy, there's a coherence to life. The different dimensions work together. When the soul is sick, life feels fragmented—we're pulled in different directions, exhausted by internal conflict.

The soul is also where we connect most deeply with God. 'He restores my soul,' David says (Psalm 23:3). Jesus asks, 'What does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul?' (Mark 8:36)—the soul is what's ultimately at stake.

Pause and summarize:

"So there's our map: Thought, Feeling, Will, Body, Social Context, and Soul. In the coming weeks, we'll explore each one—how sin has disordered it, and how the Spirit renovates it. For now, just notice: transformation isn't simple because we aren't simple. There's no single fix because there are multiple dimensions that need healing.

Discussion (5-7 minutes)

  1. On the body: We often treat the body as spiritually irrelevant. How has your body shaped your spiritual life—for good or for ill? Have you ever experienced your body working against your intentions?
  2. On the social dimension: How have relationships formed you spiritually? Think about both positive formation (people who drew you toward Christ) and negative formation (relational wounds or unhealthy patterns you absorbed).
  3. On complexity and conflict: Where have you most strongly felt the internal conflict between your different dimensions? When have you been most pulled in different directions?

Facilitator Notes

  • For the body question, examples might include: stress held in the body, sleep deprivation affecting everything, physical practices like fasting or rest, bodily habits around screens or substances.
  • For the social dimension question, be prepared to hold space for both positive and painful experiences.

Part 3: Integration and Order (4-5 minutes)

"One more crucial point. These dimensions aren't just listed—they're ordered. There's a way they're supposed to work together.

Willard suggests the proper order looks like this:

God → Spirit/Will → Mind → Feelings → Body → Social Context

God speaks to the human spirit—the will. The will directs the mind. The mind influences feelings. Feelings move the body. The body acts in social context. When this order holds, life is integrated. God is at the center, and everything else flows from that center outward.

But sin inverts this order:

Body → Feelings → Will → Mind → God

The body demands. Feelings react. The will scrambles to manage. The mind rationalizes. God gets pushed to the margins—consulted occasionally, if at all. This is life organized around immediate desire rather than around God's kingdom.

Transformation means putting things back in order. Not eliminating any dimension, but restoring God to the center and letting each part serve its proper function.

Discussion (5 minutes)

  1. On the proper order: Willard says the disordered life runs Body → Feelings → Will → Mind → God. Does that describe patterns you recognize in yourself? What would it look like for God to actually be the center from which everything else flows?
  2. On the soul: The soul is described as the integrating center. Do you experience your life as integrated—the different dimensions working together? Or fragmented—pulled in different directions, exhausted by internal conflict? What do you think accounts for that?

Facilitator Notes

  • For the proper order question, don't let this become abstract. Ask for concrete examples: "When was a recent time you operated in that inverted order?"

Close the Explore & Engage section:

"Paul prays in 1 Thessalonians 5:23:

'Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely, and may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.'

Sanctify you completely. Your whole spirit and soul and body. That's the vision: not partial renovation but the transformation of the entire self, every dimension surrendered to God and restored to its proper function. This is the journey we're on."


SYNTHESIS

  • Complexity of self — You're a composite of six dimensions that interact and influence each other
  • Multiple dimensions need transformation — No single fix, because we're not simple
  • The proper order — God at center, radiating outward through spirit, mind, feelings, body, relationships
  • The inverted order — Body's demands, feelings' reactions, fragmented will, rationalized mind, God marginalized
  • Restoration ahead — Over the coming weeks, we'll explore each dimension and how the Spirit renovates it

EXPERIMENT

Option 1: Dimension Mapping

"This week, we're going to take an honest inventory of your formation across the six dimensions.

Set aside twenty minutes. For each dimension, answer two questions:

  1. How healthy is this dimension in my life right now? (Give yourself a rough rating: struggling, developing, or relatively healthy)
  2. What has been forming this dimension? (What practices, influences, or patterns—intentional or unintentional—have shaped it?)

The dimensions:

  • Thought — What ideas and images dominate my mind? What do I believe about God, myself, and the world?
  • Feeling — What emotions are most present in my life? Do my feelings serve me or rule me?
  • Will — Is my will unified or divided? Do I follow through on my intentions?
  • Body — What state is my body in? What physical habits shape my life?
  • Social — What relationships most influence me? Where do I experience love or woundedness?
  • Soul — Do I feel integrated or fragmented? Is there rest at my core or constant striving?

Don't try to fix anything yet. Just map the terrain. Bring your observations next week as we begin addressing the root of what's gone wrong."


Option 2: One Dimension Focus

"This week, we're going to focus on the dimension that stood out most during our lesson.

Which of the six dimensions did you recognize as most needing attention? Choose one:

  • Thought
  • Feeling
  • Will
  • Body
  • Social Context
  • Soul

Each day this week, pay particular attention to that dimension:

  • If you chose thought, notice what ideas and images occupy your mind throughout the day. What do you think about when you're not thinking about anything in particular?
  • If you chose feeling, notice your emotional landscape. What feelings are most present? What triggers strong emotional reactions? Do your feelings lead you toward God or away from Him?
  • If you chose will, notice your decision-making. Where is your will strong and unified? Where is it divided? Where do you intend one thing and do another?
  • If you chose body, notice your physical state. How does your body affect your spiritual life? Where is your body trained toward life and where toward destruction?
  • If you chose social context, notice your relational world. Whose voices carry weight? Where do you experience love and where wounds? How do your relationships form you?
  • If you chose soul, notice your sense of integration or fragmentation. When do you feel whole? When do you feel scattered? Where does your soul find rest—or fail to?

Write a few sentences each day about what you observe. We'll continue building on this self-knowledge as the series progresses."


Materials Needed

  • Printed texts (Mark 12:30; 1 Thessalonians 5:23; Romans 12:1-2)
  • Visual diagram of the six dimensions (consider a simple graphic showing the interconnection)
  • Optional: handout with the six dimensions listed with brief descriptions
  • Optional: whiteboard to sketch the "proper order" vs. "inverted order" diagram